2 Samuel 3:13

Authorized King James Version

PDF

And he said, Well; I will make a league with thee: but one thing I require of thee, that is, Thou shalt not see my face, except thou first bring Michal Saul's daughter, when thou comest to see my face.

Original Language Analysis

לֵאמֹר֙ And he said H559
לֵאמֹר֙ And he said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 1 of 29
to say (used with great latitude)
ט֔וֹב Well H2896
ט֔וֹב Well
Strong's: H2896
Word #: 2 of 29
good (as an adjective) in the widest sense; used likewise as a noun, both in the masculine and the feminine, the singular and the plural (good, a good
אֲנִ֕י H589
אֲנִ֕י
Strong's: H589
Word #: 3 of 29
i
אֶכְרֹ֥ת I will make H3772
אֶכְרֹ֥ת I will make
Strong's: H3772
Word #: 4 of 29
to cut (off, down or asunder); by implication, to destroy or consume; specifically, to covenant (i.e., make an alliance or bargain, originally by cutt
אִתְּךָ֖ H854
אִתְּךָ֖
Strong's: H854
Word #: 5 of 29
properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc
בְּרִ֑ית a league H1285
בְּרִ֑ית a league
Strong's: H1285
Word #: 6 of 29
a compact (because made by passing between pieces of flesh)
אַ֣ךְ H389
אַ֣ךְ
Strong's: H389
Word #: 7 of 29
a particle of affirmation, surely; hence (by limitation) only
דָּבָ֣ר thing H1697
דָּבָ֣ר thing
Strong's: H1697
Word #: 8 of 29
a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
אֶחָ֡ד with thee but one H259
אֶחָ֡ד with thee but one
Strong's: H259
Word #: 9 of 29
properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first
אָֽנֹכִי֩ H595
אָֽנֹכִי֩
Strong's: H595
Word #: 10 of 29
i
שֹׁאֵ֨ל I require H7592
שֹׁאֵ֨ל I require
Strong's: H7592
Word #: 11 of 29
to inquire; by implication, to request; by extension, to demand
מֵֽאִתְּךָ֤ H854
מֵֽאִתְּךָ֤
Strong's: H854
Word #: 12 of 29
properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc
לֵאמֹר֙ And he said H559
לֵאמֹר֙ And he said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 13 of 29
to say (used with great latitude)
לֹֽא H3808
לֹֽא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 14 of 29
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
לִרְא֥וֹת Thou shalt not see H7200
לִרְא֥וֹת Thou shalt not see
Strong's: H7200
Word #: 15 of 29
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 16 of 29
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
פָּנָֽי׃ except thou first H6440
פָּנָֽי׃ except thou first
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 17 of 29
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
כִּ֣י׀ H3588
כִּ֣י׀
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 18 of 29
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
אִם H518
אִם
Strong's: H518
Word #: 19 of 29
used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
פָּנָֽי׃ except thou first H6440
פָּנָֽי׃ except thou first
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 20 of 29
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
בְּבֹֽאֲךָ֖ bring H935
בְּבֹֽאֲךָ֖ bring
Strong's: H935
Word #: 21 of 29
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
אֵ֚ת H853
אֵ֚ת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 22 of 29
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
מִיכַ֣ל Michal H4324
מִיכַ֣ל Michal
Strong's: H4324
Word #: 23 of 29
mikal, saul's daughter
בַּת daughter H1323
בַּת daughter
Strong's: H1323
Word #: 24 of 29
a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)
שָׁא֔וּל Saul's H7586
שָׁא֔וּל Saul's
Strong's: H7586
Word #: 25 of 29
shaul, the name of an edomite and two israelites
בְּבֹֽאֲךָ֖ bring H935
בְּבֹֽאֲךָ֖ bring
Strong's: H935
Word #: 26 of 29
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
לִרְא֥וֹת Thou shalt not see H7200
לִרְא֥וֹת Thou shalt not see
Strong's: H7200
Word #: 27 of 29
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 28 of 29
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
פָּנָֽי׃ except thou first H6440
פָּנָֽי׃ except thou first
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 29 of 29
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi

Analysis & Commentary

And he said, Well; I will make a league with thee: but one thing I require of thee, that is, Thou shalt not see my face, except thou first bring Michal Saul's daughter, when thou comest to see my face.

This verse contributes to the narrative of Abner Defects and Dies, emphasizing political maneuvering, revenge consequences. This chapter illustrates the complexity of political transition and personal revenge. Abner's defection using covenant language (brit, בְּרִית) contrasts with Joab's treacherous murder, demonstrating how personal vengeance undermines national purposes. The text develops themes of legitimate vs illegitimate authority, the corrupting power of revenge, and maintaining integrity when others act unethically.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 3 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding political maneuvering, revenge consequences provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

Questions for Reflection

Related Resources

Explore related topics, people, and study resources to deepen your understanding of this passage.

People

Study Resources